Everything behind the call on Manchester. 6 sections, ordered the way risk stacks up: survival first, quality and price in the middle, context last. The Beacon gives you the read. This is where you check the work.
The five reads
Global tape
No overseas listings — MANU trades on its home exchange only.
The bottom linestart hereAs of 2026-09-25
Chart pattern
Between the averages
The 50-day sits above the 200-day
50-day $21.98 · -7.2% 200-day $19.31 · +5.6%
Earnings
In 74 days
10 Dec 2026
beat 5–6 of the last 8 cohort P(beat) 64% · n=45,258
Valuation
138.7× forward
Against consensus earnings
FCF yield -7.13%
Dividend
0.00%
A rounding error against cash — this is a capital-gains position
Risk flags
2 critical
5 checks run, 0 clear
beta 0.72 · vol 26% ann. worst drawdown -19%
New to this? Every metric carries a plain-English read beside it, and an ⓘ next to a label opens the definition. Anything unfamiliar is also defined at the foot of the page under Glossary.
In one paragraphwhat the company actually does113 chars
Manchester United plc, together with its subsidiaries, operates a professional sports team in the United Kingdom.
Altman-Z of 1.3 against a 3.0 safe threshold, and 0 of 5 forensic checks clear.
↳ Plain EnglishBefore anything else: can this company pay its bills? These blocks check the balance sheet, whether your slice of ownership is being diluted, and whether the accounting looks honest.
Bankruptcy risk (Altman-Z)
1.31DISTRESS ZONE
Distress<1.8
Grey1.8–3.0
Safe>3.0
Profitability, leverage and liquidity combined into one number. Above 3.0 is the safe band.
Balance sheetJul 16, 2026
Distance to default (Merton)COMFORTABLE
7.9σ
How many standard deviations of asset value sit between the company and its debt. Above 4σ is comfortable.
Structural snapshot · Sep 26, 2026
1-year default probabilityEDF-CALIBRATED
0.100%
Calibrated against how often companies at this distance actually defaulted, rather than assuming a normal distribution.
Method · empirical EDF bucket · pooled cohort · bucket evidence not reproducible from the current calibration artifact — the number serves, the proof abstains
Piotroski F-scoreWATCH
F 5/8
Piotroski F-score 5 of 8. Nine pass/fail tests covering profitability, leverage and operating efficiency; seven or more is strong.
Solvency and liquidity ratios
Current ratioshort-term assets against short-term bills0.38×healthy >2
Debt / equityborrowings against shareholder capital3.33
Net debtborrowings in excess of cash on hand$559.34M
Your ownership stake
Share-count growth vs peersHIGH DILUTION
65th pctile
Where this name's share-count growth ranks among peers. Lower is less dilutive.
Accounting forensicsSEC filings
Red-flag x-rayGRADE F
25 / 100
2 critical · 2 watch · 0 clear of 4 scored tests
0 of 5 checks clear
Red-flag x-ray · every check, passes included
CheckStatusValueWhat it looks for
Bankruptcy distressCRITICALZ 1.31Altman-Z in the Distress · fundamentals
Earnings manipulationNAn/aBeneish-M not available · fundamentals
Profitability qualityWATCHF 5/8Piotroski F-score 5 of 8 · fundamentals
Filing forensicsWATCH1 flag1 filing red flag on the latest 10-K · forensic
5 checks, 2 watch and 2 critical. The passes are shown because a score built from five checks means something different from one built from three.
02Refreshed · Sep 27, 2026POOR · 24/100
Business quality
-5% net margin, -17% return on equity, +1% revenue growth, and capital earning -3% against a 9% cost.
↳ Plain EnglishMargins tell you how much of each sales dollar the company keeps. Return on capital tells you whether reinvesting that money creates value. Both are read against what the filings support, not against a target.
Quality score
24 / 100POOR
Profitability · net margin -5%
Growth · revenue +1% YoY
Balance strength · debt/equity 3.33
Profitability, growth and balance strength scored separately, then blended.
ProfitabilityRefreshed · Sep 27, 2026
Net marginOF EVERY SALES DOLLAR
-5.0%
The share of revenue that survives every cost and becomes profit.
Operating marginAFTER RUNNING COSTS
-4.0%
What survives the cost of running the whole business.
Return on equityPER $1 OF EQUITY
-17.0%
Annual return on each dollar of shareholder equity.
ROIC − WACC spreadDESTROYS VALUE
-11.9pp
Earns -3% on invested capital that costs about 9%. A positive spread means every retained dollar compounds rather than leaks.
Incremental ROIC (3y)ON NEW CAPITAL
40.3%
The return on capital put to work over the last three years — a sharper read than the trailing average, because it prices the newest decisions.
Growth & relative strength
Trailing return by period
1 month
-9.4%
3 months
-11.7%
6 months
+24.8%
Year to date
+29.3%
1 year
+34.7%
Revenue growth (YoY)GROWING
+0.7%
Revenue against the same period a year ago.
12-1 momentumEX LAST MONTH
+54.4%
Return over the last year excluding the most recent month — the standard momentum factor, which drops the short-term reversal.
Relative-strength rankBOTTOM 34%
34 / 100
Where this name's 3-month return against the S&P 500 ranks across the market — a quarter's standing, not the year's.
cohort n=45,258 · this name's own n=8 · since 2000
Beat rate · this nameBEAT 5–6 OF THE LAST 8
6 of 8
Its own record against consensus. 8 prints is a small sample, which is why the cohort rate above carries the probability.
n=8 measured prints
Fell after a beatP(FELL | BEAT)
45%
A beat is not a plan: this share of them still closed lower on the day.
n=11 beats — a conditional rate over its own denominator, not a share of all prints
Rose after a missP(ROSE | MISS)
54%
The mirror of the line above, over its own denominator.
n=13 misses
Typical earnings moveMEDIAN ABSOLUTE
±3.8%
Unsigned magnitudes from its own prints. Direction is not part of this read.
n=24 prints · p90 ±8.7% · worst 18.8% (2025-06-06)
Reaction: beat vs missData unavailableThe beat-versus-miss reaction gap is not computed for this name — undetermined — needs ≥12 measured beats.
Dividends & income
Data unavailableThis company does not pay a dividend. There is no yield, payout ratio or ex-dividend date to show, and the return case rests entirely on capital gains.
Signal
Not an income position.
No dividend is declared, so nothing here contributes to total return except the price. That is a fact about the security, not a criticism of it.
Inventory ledger
Data unavailableNo inventory detail is tagged in this company's filings. The ledger needs the XBRL inventory components, which a business without physical goods does not report.
Segments & geography
Data unavailableRevenue by segment and region is not on file for this name, so product and geographic concentration are not shown.
head above two ≈-equal shoulders — bearish reversal
Double bottom · leans bullish
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d49%0.0%1,247,184
21d50%0.0%586,365
63d51%+0.3%185,394
two troughs ≈ equal — reversal if neckline breaks
Triple bottom · leans bullish
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d49%0.0%964,809
21d50%0.0%453,015
63d52%+0.3%142,744
three troughs ≈ equal
Descending triangle · leans bearish
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d47%0.0%506,531
21d48%0.0%238,519
63d49%0.0%75,354
flat support, falling resistance
Bear flag · leans bearish
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d43%0.0%63,743
21d44%0.0%30,071
63d45%-0.8%9,372
sharp drop then weak bounce — continuation
03138.7× FORWARD
Price & timing
Price $20.40, 138.7× forward earnings, RSI 41.
↳ Plain EnglishA multiple is what the market charges for a dollar of this company's earnings, cash or revenue; the trend and the options tape say what the price is doing around it. Together they are the timing picture, not the quality one.
Trend
Mixed1 OF 3 AVERAGES
50-day $21.98 · 200-day $19.31. Price above both is the structural definition of an uptrend.
The setup right now
Price · 504 sessions2024-09-23 → 2026-09-25
price50-day200-day
How to read this
Down 2.58% on the session.
Follow the solid line: each point is a session close. Compare it to the 50-day average — while price stays above it the short-term trend is up, and a drop below is the first structural warning.
Market cap$3.52B
Day range$19.89 – $20.67
Above 52-week low+37%
Realized volatility26% ann.
Worst drawdown-18.8%
Momentum (RSI-14)COOL
41
030 oversold70 hot100
Where momentum sits on a 0–100 scale. Above 70 is overbought, below 30 oversold; the middle says the move has room either way.
Typical day (ATR-14)±3.3%
$0.67
The average true range — how far this stock moves on an ordinary day. It sets the scale a stop has to clear.
MACDABOVE SIGNAL
+0.10
The short-term trend against its own signal line. The sign is the read; the size is not a target.
Bollinger position42% OF RANGE
Mid band
Where price sits inside its own volatility band. The edges are where a move is stretched, not where it reverses.
20-day VWAPPRICE BELOW
$20.62
The volume-weighted average of the last month. Price above it means recent buyers are, on average, in profit.
Chandelier exitBROKEN
$21.86
A volatility-based trailing stop, set a few average ranges below the recent high.
10 Dec 2026 · in 74 daysNext earningsThe next scheduled catalyst. The forward guide usually moves the tape more than the printed number.
2026-09-29 · in 2 daysJob Openings (JOLTS)A scheduled macro release. It moves this stock independently of anything the company does.
Setup & oddsNightly
Pullback riskoverstretch read
Low0.77× segment rate · n=11,162
Historically, mid names in this tape state saw a ≥10% pullback within 63 trading days in 61% of cases (n=11,162).
Overstretchvs the 20-day mean
-0.3σ
How many standard deviations price sits from its 20-day mean. Beyond 2σ is genuinely stretched; inside it is ordinary.
Bottom zoneif it breaks down
$19 – $202 supports
Where prior demand appeared: S1 at $19.97, Sma 200 at $19.31.
Slide scorefalling-knife check
61 / 100Neutral
A composite of consecutive down days, gap risk and volume expansion. Low means any decline is orderly.
Signal
The odds lean, the stretch qualifies it.
Not enough fundamental coverage to score this name's red-flag cohort — no 12-month odds shown.
Valuation
Net cash per shareNET DEBT
$-3.21
Cash less every borrowing, per share. It is the part of the price that is not a claim on future profits.
Multiples
Forward P/Eearnings expected over the next 12 months138.7×
Price / salesprice against revenue, before any of it becomes profit5.3×5yr median 3.4×
Price / bookprice against the accounting value of the assets18.2×
EV / EBITDAthe multiple an acquirer would pay17.9×
FCF yieldfree cash flow per dollar of market value-7.13%
4 of the 5 priced multiples above sit in the richer half of its band. Each priced multiple is read against this stock's own history where a five-year range is on file, so the question is whether today is dear for this name rather than for the market. The multiples are computed separately from the quote above and are not re-priced as it moves, so they can lag it.
Price horizon & timingSep 25, 2026
Entryzone of S1 + sma 200
$20.30In zone
Where the composer's entry sits, on its own stated basis.
TargetBb upper + round + sma 50 + vwap 50
$21.91$22–$22
A zone, not a price. It is where the composer expects supply, not a forecast.
StopTucked under the entry zone
$18.81risk $1.49/sh
The level that says the setup is wrong, on the basis named beside it.
Risk / rewardtarget vs stop
1.08:1
Reward against risk on the composer's own levels.
Measure from a price$
To the 50-day
+7.8%
short-term trend line · $21.98
To the 200-day
-5.3%
primary trend line · $19.31
To the composer's target
+7.4%
Bb upper + round + sma 50 + vwap 50 · set Sep 25, 2026 · $21.91
To the composer's stop
-7.8%
Tucked under the entry zone · set Sep 25, 2026 · $18.81
To the 52-week high
+19.9%
highest print of the past year · $24.45
To the 52-week low
-27.2%
lowest print of the past year · $14.85
A typical day (ATR)
$19.73 – $21.07
±$0.67 average true range
Type any price to re-measure every distance from it. Each row is a level this page already states somewhere else, so nothing here is a new number — and none of it is a recommendation to trade at that price.
Signal
The levels line up.
Entry $20.30 · stop $18.81 · target $21.91, a 1.08:1 ratio. The composer flagged: fair-value reference.
Gamma map
Data unavailableThis name has no listed options chain, so there is no dealer gamma to map. Regime, flip level, walls and the implied move all need a chain to exist.
Options tape
Data unavailableNo options chain is connected for this ticker. Max pain, the put/call ratio, the implied move and the open-interest ladder all need the chain feed.
0413F quarterly · Form 4 dailyNET SIGNAL 0
Ownership & flow
Institutions hold 59%, short interest is 8.79% of float.
↳ Plain EnglishWho is buying and selling, and what they had to disclose. Institutions file 13F 45 days after quarter end, executives file Form 4 within two days, and Congress discloses under the STOCK Act with a 30–45 day legal lag. Every one of those is a look backwards.
Net signal
0BALANCED · 30d
Earnings +2
Quality / value -2
1 bull / 1 bear factors. The points sum to the net beside the label; nothing here is weighted after the fact.
The QTick signalNightly
Earnings4 QUARTERS · TIMING
+2
latest EPS beat by 45%
Quality / valueTTM · CONTEXT
-2
Altman-Z in the distress zone
Signal
1 bull / 1 bear factors
Independent factors scored and netted to 0 over 30d, a balanced reading. 2 of 9 factors carried a direction; the others scored zero and do not vote. The signal describes where the data leans, not what to do about it.
Cross-category read
Data unavailableFewer independent evidence families are ready than the engine's minimum, so there is nothing to check for agreement. A cross-category read over two categories is not a read.
Wall Street
Data unavailableNo sell-side firm publishes research on this name. There is no consensus rating, no price target and no estimate revisions to weigh — for a company this size that is the norm rather than a gap in our data.
Who owns it13F quarterly · Form 4 daily
Institutional ownershipRETAIL-HEAVY
59.4%
The share held by 13F filers. It describes last quarter's positioning, not today's — filings land up to 45 days after quarter end.
Insider ownershipOFFICERS & DIRECTORS
31.9%
The share held by the people running the company.
Short interest (float)LIGHT
8.79%
Rising — shares short changed +4.2% over 30 days. A crowded short is fuel in both directions.
Free float68% OF SHARES
38.19M
Shares actually available to trade, excluding insider and restricted holdings.
Dollar volume (ADV)60th PCTILE
$6.18M/day
Average dollars traded per day, and where that ranks cross-sectionally. Thin liquidity is a cost you pay on the way out, not just on the way in.
Borrow feeData unavailableWe do not license securities-lending data, so the annualized cost of borrowing shares to short is not something we can show. Short interest and days-to-cover above are the closest read we can source.
The story · news & sentimentRolling window
Why it moved todayVOLUME
-2.58%
MANU fell −2.58% since the last close on unusually heavy volume (1.9× its average).
Matched · Sep 25, 2026
Congress
Data unavailableNo congressional trades in this name have been disclosed under the STOCK Act. Lawmakers' disclosed trades cluster heavily in large caps, so an empty list is the usual state.
050 graded callsORDINARY VOLATILITY
Risk & track record
Beta 0.72, 26% annual volatility, a -19% worst drawdown, and 3 of 8 risk surfaces clear.
↳ Plain EnglishWhat owning it does to a portfolio, what the model votes against, and how often our own calls have been right. Every call is graded when it resolves, and the ones still open stay visible.
A very bad day (EVT)
−6.5%1-IN-200 DAY
Fitted to the tail of the return distribution rather than assuming a bell curve. Size the position so a day like this is survivable.
What it does to a portfolio5-year window
Beyond the tail (ES)1-IN-1,000 DAY
−15.1%
The average loss on a 1-in-1,000 day or worse — deeper in the tail than the 1-in-200 figure above and further than the measured history reaches, so it reads as the scale of a crash, not a forecast of one.
Tail understatementHEAVY TAIL
1.5×
A normal-curve estimate understates this name's worst days by about 1.5×, so volatility alone is the wrong risk measure for it.
Max drawdownWORST FALL
-18.8%
The deepest peak-to-trough fall in the measured window. Only hold a position you can watch do this.
Beta (vs the market)LOW FIT
0.72
The market explains about 7.0% of its daily moves, so this beta says little about how it tracks the index — most of its movement is its own.
3-year beta 0.59
Annualized volatilityORDINARY
26%
How far it swings over a year, from its own realized returns.
Tactical phaseNIGHTLY READ
Neutral
Selling pressure58
Buying pressure0
Overheat0
State: neutral — No dominant short-horizon pressure in the tape.
0-100 · high = active · lit = the engine's own phase, cohort-banded
What votes againstNightly
MedQuality / valueAltman-Z in the distress zoneTTM · -2
Signal
1 of 9 factors vote against.
Ranked by the size of each factor's own point contribution to the net signal — these are the model's stated reasons, not a written bear case. Each one is scored from the source named beside it.
Failure modes · by company type
Data unavailableFailure modes are routed per company type, and only the bank-run and crypto-treasury rulebooks are validated so far. This name routes as growth, so there is no cohort-specific checklist to run. A generic list would read as analysis without being any.
The risk case · why not to buy8 surfaces · nightly
Suggested position capmax defensible size
2.2%tail cap binds
max defensible size 2.2% - tail binds
Avoid score6-month distress
1.0%0.1× its cohort · mid-volume names
Observational 6-month large-drawdown risk ranking — not a forecast, not alpha. Historical distress rate for this mid-volume names segment: 8.7%. This name reads 0.1× that base rate.
LowDistress screenThe distress model did not score this name in the latest run, so this surface is unmeasured rather than clear.Not scored
MedPosition size, not conviction, is the binding constrainthalf-Kelly 27.2% · tail cap 2.2% · category cap 54.6%. The tail cap binds, so 2.2% is the number (n=92,785). We show which one binds rather than the friendliest.Sizing
LowLottery-ticket behaviourIts best 21-day return sits at 3.7% against a 9.6% cohort 90th-percentile threshold — below the line where forward returns have historically turned negative.Behaviour
HighCash runwayAbout 1.4 quarters of cash at current burn ($86M cash against $251M a year of burn) - names in this bucket: 28.6% catastrophe rate within a year.Solvency
LowPost-earnings driftDrift odds at full strength (+3.21% / 63-day spread reference from measured post-earnings drift).Timing
LowDividend riskNot scored for this name.Not scored
LowRestatement historyFiling history is not deep enough to check for restatements.Not scored
LowCrowded shortNot in a warn state: the crowded-short model only publishes when short interest and thin liquidity coincide, and neither condition is met here.Not scored
Signal
3 of 8 surfaces clear.
8 surfaces checked, 3 clear. The binding constraint is position size — the tail cap is the one that binds. Each row states which surface it is and what it measured; a surface that could not be scored says so rather than counting as clear.
Who should skip it
Skip it if any of these is you
You want income
A 0.00% yield is a rounding error against cash. This is a capital-gains position.
You'd size it like a core holding
The binding cap is 2.2% of a portfolio. Above that the tail stops being survivable.
Our track record0 resolved
Track recordBUILDING IN THE OPEN
10 logged
10 calls logged on this name, 0 resolved so far. Calls are logged the moment they are made, so the open ones are public before anyone knows how they turn out, and a hit-rate is not published until enough of them resolve.
0 resolved · 10 open
Calls on MANUTHIS NAME
10
This name's own call count. Too few have resolved to publish a rate over them, so none is shown rather than a rate over 0.
0610-K disclosed linksENTERTAINMENT CONTENT
The wider context
5 mapped peers.
↳ Plain EnglishCompanies do not trade alone. This is the peer set, the supply chain that has to deliver, and the macro variables that move the stock regardless of company news.
Rate sensitivity
-10.0% per +1ppSECTOR
This is the SECTOR prior, not a measurement of this name — the regression did not clear its own bar. The verdict beside it (headwind) comes from the prior too, so the two agree by construction rather than by evidence.
Versus peersLatest session
Peer set · 5 names
SymbolRelationshipPriceSession
NFLXPeer$71.14-0.80%
DISPeer$106.15+0.56%
WBDPeer$30.86+0.06%
LYVPeer$170.87-0.11%
FWONKPeer$94.61-0.49%
The mapped peer set and how each traded in the latest session. A peer moving with this name says the move is the sector's; one moving against it says the move is this company's.
Lower rates help growth-priced media and internet companies.
Typical for the Communication Services sector
On the day -0.2% · A week later +0.1% · Two weeks later +0.1% · Rose on 72 of 170 report days
Across the last 170 Initial jobless claims reports since Jun 8, 2023, MANU moved -0.2% on average on the day and was 0.1% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved 0.0% on those days.
Media and internet companies are valued on future growth, so higher rates for longer weigh on them.
Typical for the Communication Services sector
On the day +0.2% · A week later -1.0% · Two weeks later +0.7% · Rose on 19 of 39 report days
Across the last 39 Core PCE (the Fed's gauge) reports since Jun 28, 2023, MANU moved +0.2% on average on the day and was 0.7% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved +0.2% on those days.
FOMC decisionUsually hurts when the Fed sounds more hawkish than expected
Growth-priced media and internet companies fall when rates stay high.
Typical for the Communication Services sector
On the day -0.8% · A week later -0.5% · Two weeks later +0.7% · Rose on 12 of 39 report days
Across the last 39 FOMC decision reports since Jul 1, 2023, MANU moved -0.8% on average on the day and was 0.7% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved -0.1% on those days.
PCE inflation is due in 3 days.
PCE inflationUsually hurts when inflation runs hotter than expected
Media and internet companies are valued on future growth, so higher rates for longer weigh on them.
Typical for the Communication Services sector
On the day +0.2% · A week later -1.0% · Two weeks later +0.7% · Rose on 19 of 39 report days
Across the last 39 PCE inflation reports since Jun 28, 2023, MANU moved +0.2% on average on the day and was 0.7% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved +0.2% on those days.
Media and internet companies are valued on future growth, so higher rates for longer weigh on them.
Typical for the Communication Services sector
On the day +0.4% · A week later 0.0% · Two weeks later +0.3% · Rose on 22 of 39 report days
Across the last 39 Producer prices (PPI) reports since Jun 12, 2023, MANU moved +0.4% on average on the day and was 0.3% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved +0.3% on those days.
Media and internet companies are valued on future growth, so higher rates for longer weigh on them.
Typical for the Communication Services sector
On the day +0.4% · A week later +0.1% · Two weeks later +0.3% · Rose on 22 of 38 report days
Across the last 38 Core inflation (core CPI) reports since Jun 12, 2023, MANU moved +0.4% on average on the day and was 0.3% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved +0.3% on those days.
Inflation (CPI)Usually hurts when inflation runs hotter than expected
Media and internet companies are valued on future growth, so higher rates for longer weigh on them.
Typical for the Communication Services sector
On the day +0.4% · A week later +0.1% · Two weeks later +0.3% · Rose on 22 of 38 report days
Across the last 38 Inflation (CPI) reports since Jun 12, 2023, MANU moved +0.4% on average on the day and was 0.3% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved +0.3% on those days.
Job openings (JOLTS) is due in 2 days.
Job openings (JOLTS)Usually hurts when job openings come in higher than expected
More jobs means more ad spending, but the higher-rates reaction usually wins on the day.
Typical for the Communication Services sector
On the day -0.4% · A week later +1.5% · Two weeks later +0.5% · Rose on 17 of 38 report days
Across the last 38 Job openings (JOLTS) reports since Jul 5, 2023, MANU moved -0.4% on average on the day and was 0.5% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved 0.0% on those days.
Customer momentum
Data unavailableCustomer momentum needs listed customers that disclose a revenue dependence on this company, and none is on file. The connections below are a different map: competitors and partners, most of them curated rather than filed.
Connections
Data unavailableNo competitor, partner, supplier or customer relationship is on file for this name yet.
Glossary · every term on this page
Survival
Altman Z
Bankruptcy-risk score. Above 3.0 is the safe band.
Piotroski F
Nine pass/fail health tests; 7 or more is strong.
Beneish M
Accrual and growth pattern screen. Clear below −2.22, watch to −1.78, elevated above; a year of very fast revenue growth lifts it by construction.
Merton DTD
Standard deviations of asset value between the company and its debt.
EDF
Default frequency calibrated on what actually happened to similar names.
Price & tape
RSI-14
Momentum gauge 0–100. Above 70 is overbought, below 30 oversold.
ATR
Average true range — the size of a typical day.
VWAP
20-day volume-weighted average price — the average paid over the last month; the page shows no intraday VWAP.
Supertrend
A trend-following stop line. A close through it flips the read.
Chandelier
A trailing stop set a few average ranges below the recent high.
Options & flow
Gamma / GEX
Dealer hedging pressure. Negative gamma amplifies moves both ways.
Call / put wall
The strikes with the heaviest open interest; they act as ceiling and floor.
Max pain
The strike where most options expire worthless.
13F · Form 4
Institutional filings, 45 days after quarter end. Insider trades, within two days.
Scoring
Composite signal
Independent factors scored and netted into one number.
Hit-rate
Share of past calls that resolved in the direction stated.
Brier score
Calibration measure. Lower means stated probabilities track reality.
HHI
Concentration 0–10,000. Above 2,500 means one segment carries the company.
EVT
Fits the tail rather than assuming a bell curve, so bad days are not understated.