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‹ Back to the callBKBank of New York Mellon Corp$157.13+7.61%
Deep dive · NYQ: BK

Bank of New York Mellon Corp stock analysis

Everything behind the call on Bank of New York Mellon Corp. 6 sections, ordered the way risk stacks up: survival first, quality and price in the middle, context last. The Beacon gives you the read. This is where you check the work.

The five reads
Global tapeOverseas lean+0.71%
Tel AvivBK0.00%TaiwanBK0.00%Frankfurt74I+2.13%
Where else this company trades. A closed venue shows its last close, marked ⏱ — not a live price. Overseas lean is the average move across the 3 overseas venues listed above, excluding the home listing — a read on overnight sentiment rather than a signal.
The bottom linestart here
Chart pattern
Above both averages
The 50-day sits above the 200-day
50-day $139.16 · +12.9%
200-day $120.85 · +30.0%
Valuation
14.2× forward
Against consensus earnings
Dividend
1.35%
Forward annual yield at today's price
Risk flags
1 on watch
5 checks run, 2 clear
beta 0.77 · vol 22% ann.
worst drawdown -10%
New to this? Every metric carries a plain-English read beside it, and an ⓘ next to a label opens the definition. Anything unfamiliar is also defined at the foot of the page under Glossary.
In one paragraphwhat the company actually does133 chars

The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation provides a range of financial products and services in the United States and internationally.

NYQ · USDDiversified Banks
$157.13+11.11 · +7.61%AH · vol 4.86M
52-week range↑ 80% off low · ↓ 0.0% off high
$87.41now $157.13$157.13
Tape 2026-07-02
01Ratios · Jun 23, 2026

Survival & solvency

and 2 of 5 forensic checks clear.

↳ Plain EnglishBefore anything else: can this company pay its bills? These blocks check the balance sheet, whether your slice of ownership is being diluted, and whether the accounting looks honest.
Piotroski F-score
F 6/9WATCH
Piotroski F-score 6 of 9 (evaluable count not on file). Nine pass/fail tests covering profitability, leverage and operating efficiency; seven or more is strong.
Balance sheetJun 23, 2026
Your ownership stake
Data unavailableShare-count history for this name is not on file, so dilution, buyback yield and stock-comp intensity cannot be computed. They appear once two annual filings are parsed.
Accounting forensicsSEC filings
Red-flag x-rayGRADE B
83 / 100
0 critical · 1 watch · 2 clear of 3 scored tests
2 of 5 checks clear
Red-flag x-ray · every check, passes included
CheckStatusValueWhat it looks for
Bankruptcy distressNAn/aAltman-Z not available · fundamentals
Earnings manipulationNAn/aBeneish-M not available · fundamentals
LeverageCLEARLTD/E 0.72long-term debt 0.72× equity · fundamentals
Profitability qualityWATCHF 6/9Piotroski F-score 6 of 9 (evaluable count not on file) · fundamentals
Filing forensicsCLEAR0 flagsno filing red flags on the latest 10-K · forensic
5 checks, 2 clear and 1 watch. The passes are shown because a score built from five checks means something different from one built from three.
02Refreshed · Jun 22, 2026GOOD · 67/100

Business quality

19% net margin, 8% return on equity.

↳ Plain EnglishMargins tell you how much of each sales dollar the company keeps. Return on capital tells you whether reinvesting that money creates value. Both are read against what the filings support, not against a target.
Quality score
67 / 100GOOD
Profitability · net margin 19%
Profitability, growth and balance strength scored separately, then blended.
ProfitabilityRefreshed · Jun 22, 2026
Net marginOF EVERY SALES DOLLAR
19.0%
The share of revenue that survives every cost and becomes profit.
Return on equityPER $1 OF EQUITY
8.1%
Annual return on each dollar of shareholder equity.
Growth & relative strength
Trailing return by period
1 month
+4.3%
3 months
+20.1%
6 months
+26.3%
Year to date
+25.3%
1 year
+59.2%
12-1 momentumEX LAST MONTH
+58.8%
Return over the last year excluding the most recent month — the standard momentum factor, which drops the short-term reversal.
Relative-strength rankTOP 20%
80 / 100
Where this name's 3-month return against the S&P 500 ranks across the market — a quarter's standing, not the year's.
Around earnings
P(beat next quarter)COHORT BASE RATE
61%
survivor-tilted universe (currently-listed names; large-cap-skewed coverage)
cohort n=139,757
Typical earnings moveData unavailableRealized move magnitudes are not published for this name yet — no measured print on file.
Reaction: beat vs missData unavailableThe beat-versus-miss reaction gap is not computed for this name — undetermined — needs ≥12 measured beats.
Consensus biasVALIDATED
Persistent
insufficient surprise history
Dividends & income
Dividend yieldforward annual
1.35%
The cash return the payment alone provides at today's price.
Cash coveragefree cash flow
>2x
Whether the payment is funded out of the cash the business generates.
Inventory ledger
Data unavailableNo inventory detail is tagged in this company's filings. The ledger needs the XBRL inventory components, which a business without physical goods does not report.
Segments & geography
Data unavailableRevenue by segment and region is not on file for this name, so product and geographic concentration are not shown.
Pattern reliability · platform-wide cohortSnapshot · Sep 18, 2026
Uptrend · leans bullish
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d47%-0.1%1,125,547
21d47%-0.2%529,218
63d48%-0.9%169,468
slope +0.10 over 40 bars
Tweezer top · leans bearish
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d46%0.0%322,393
21d47%0.0%151,330
63d50%0.0%48,297
matching highs
Double top · leans bearish
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d50%0.0%1,212,095
21d51%+0.1%570,206
63d52%+0.4%180,573
two peaks ≈ equal — reversal if neckline breaks
Double bottom · leans bullish
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d49%0.0%1,242,409
21d50%0.0%584,002
63d51%+0.2%184,289
two troughs ≈ equal — reversal if neckline breaks
Triple bottom · leans bullish
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d49%0.0%961,327
21d50%+0.1%451,185
63d52%+0.3%141,927
three troughs ≈ equal
Near resistance · leans bearish
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d51%+0.1%527,879
21d52%+0.1%247,463
63d54%+0.4%77,592
testing recent resistance
Bollinger squeeze
HorizonHigherMedianObservations
10d43%0.0%757,951
21d45%0.0%355,725
63d47%0.0%112,112
bands at a multi-month tight — breakout pending
0314.2× FORWARD

Price & timing

Price $157.13, 14.2× forward earnings, RSI 60.

↳ Plain EnglishA multiple is what the market charges for a dollar of this company's earnings, cash or revenue; the trend and the options tape say what the price is doing around it. Together they are the timing picture, not the quality one.
Trend
Above 50 & 2003 OF 3 AVERAGES
50-day $139.16 · 200-day $120.85. Price above both is the structural definition of an uptrend.
The setup right now
Price · 504 sessions2024-06-282026-07-02
$54$79$104$129$154$146.62
price50-day200-day
How to read this
Up 7.61% on the session.

Follow the solid line: each point is a session close. Compare it to the 50-day average — while price stays above it the short-term trend is up, and a drop below is the first structural warning.

Market cap$107.85B
Day range$135.70 – $157.13
Above 52-week low+80%
Realized volatility22% ann.
Worst drawdown-10.1%
Momentum (RSI-14)WARM
60
030 oversold70 hot100
Where momentum sits on a 0–100 scale. Above 70 is overbought, below 30 oversold; the middle says the move has room either way.
Typical day (ATR-14)±2.2%
$3.50
The average true range — how far this stock moves on an ordinary day. It sets the scale a stop has to clear.
MACDABOVE SIGNAL
+0.26
The short-term trend against its own signal line. The sign is the read; the size is not a target.
Bollinger position100% OF RANGE
Upper band
Where price sits inside its own volatility band. The edges are where a move is stretched, not where it reverses.
20-day VWAPPRICE ABOVE
$144.27
The volume-weighted average of the last month. Price above it means recent buyers are, on average, in profit.
Chandelier exitLONG INTACT
$138.01
A volatility-based trailing stop, set a few average ranges below the recent high.
2026-09-25 · in 7 daysConsumer SentimentA scheduled macro release. It moves this stock independently of anything the company does.
Setup & oddsNightly
Pullback riskoverstretch read
Elevated1.12× segment rate · n=3,266
Historically, bank names in this tape state saw a ≥10% pullback within 63 trading days in 62% of cases (n=3,266).
Overstretchvs the 20-day mean
1.4σ
How many standard deviations price sits from its 20-day mean. Beyond 2σ is genuinely stretched; inside it is ordinary.
Bottom zoneif it breaks down
$143 – $1461 support
Where prior demand appeared: S1 at $145.19.
Slide scorefalling-knife check
0 / 100Neutral
A composite of consecutive down days, gap risk and volume expansion. Low means any decline is orderly.
Signal
The odds lean, the stretch qualifies it.

Not enough fundamental coverage to score this name's red-flag cohort — no 12-month odds shown.

Valuation
Earnings yield vs cashABOVE CASH
1.32pp
The earnings yield clears the risk-free rate, so the current return alone competes with cash.
Multiples
Forward P/Eearnings expected over the next 12 months14.2×
Trailing P/Eearnings already reported17.0×
Price / salesprice against revenue, before any of it becomes profit6.2×
Price / bookprice against the accounting value of the assets2.6×
1 of the 4 priced multiples above sits in the richer half of its band. Each priced multiple is read against this stock's own history where a five-year range is on file, so the question is whether today is dear for this name rather than for the market. The multiples are computed separately from the quote above and are not re-priced as it moves, so they can lag it.
Price horizon & timing
Data unavailableThe technical factors this engine reads are more than four days old, so any level it composed would be anchored to a tape that has moved. They return with the next nightly factor run.
Gamma map
Data unavailableThis name has no listed options chain, so there is no dealer gamma to map. Regime, flip level, walls and the implied move all need a chain to exist.
Options tape
Data unavailableNo options chain is connected for this ticker. Max pain, the put/call ratio, the implied move and the open-interest ladder all need the chain feed.
0413F quarterly · Form 4 dailyNET SIGNAL +3

Ownership & flow

Institutions hold 88%, short interest is 0.00% of float.

↳ Plain EnglishWho is buying and selling, and what they had to disclose. Institutions file 13F 45 days after quarter end, executives file Form 4 within two days, and Congress discloses under the STOCK Act with a 30–45 day legal lag. Every one of those is a look backwards.
Net signal
+3LEANING · 30d
Earnings +3
1 bull / 0 bear factors. The points sum to the net beside the label; nothing here is weighted after the fact.
The QTick signalNightly
Earnings4 QUARTERS · TIMING
+3
latest EPS beat by 17%
Signal
1 bull / 0 bear factors

Independent factors scored and netted to +3 over 30d, a leaning reading. 1 of 9 factors carried a direction; the others scored zero and do not vote. The signal describes where the data leans, not what to do about it.

Cross-category read
Data unavailableFewer independent evidence families are ready than the engine's minimum, so there is nothing to check for agreement. A cross-category read over two categories is not a read.
Wall Street
Data unavailableNo sell-side firm publishes research on this name. There is no consensus rating, no price target and no estimate revisions to weigh — for a company this size that is the norm rather than a gap in our data.
Who owns it13F quarterly · Form 4 daily
Institutional ownershipINSTITUTIONALLY HELD
87.9%
The share held by 13F filers. It describes last quarter's positioning, not today's — filings land up to 45 days after quarter end.
Insider ownershipOFFICERS & DIRECTORS
0.2%
The share held by the people running the company.
Short interest (float)LIGHT
0.00%
The share of the tradable float sold short.
Free float100% OF SHARES
684.49M
Shares actually available to trade, excluding insider and restricted holdings.
Dollar volume (ADV)97th PCTILE
$570.17M/day
At this depth, position size is not a constraint for a retail account.
Borrow feeData unavailableWe do not license securities-lending data, so the annualized cost of borrowing shares to short is not something we can show. Short interest and days-to-cover above are the closest read we can source.
The story · news & sentimentRolling window
Why it moved on Sep 18, 2026NONE
flat
We don't have a fresh enough quote for BK to measure its move in today's session.
Matched · Sep 18, 2026
CongressSTOCK Act · 30–45d lag
Signal
Net selling.

2 of 6 disclosures are buys and 4 are sales. Lawmakers disclose on a 30–45 day legal lag, so this describes what was done weeks ago, not what is being done now.

Disclosed lawmaker trades, with their legal reporting lag.
059 graded callsORDINARY VOLATILITY

Risk & track record

Beta 0.77, 22% annual volatility, a -10% worst drawdown, and 2 of 8 risk surfaces clear.

↳ Plain EnglishWhat owning it does to a portfolio, what the model votes against, and how often our own calls have been right. Every call is graded when it resolves, and the ones still open stay visible.
A very bad day (EVT)
−4.4%1-IN-200 DAY
Fitted to the tail of the return distribution rather than assuming a bell curve. Size the position so a day like this is survivable.
What it does to a portfolio5-year window
Beyond the tail (ES)1-IN-1,000 DAY
−9.3%
The average loss on a 1-in-1,000 day or worse — deeper in the tail than the 1-in-200 figure above and further than the measured history reaches, so it reads as the scale of a crash, not a forecast of one.
Tail understatementNEAR-NORMAL
1.5×
A normal-curve estimate understates this name's worst days by about 1.5×, so volatility alone is the wrong risk measure for it.
Max drawdownWORST FALL
-10.1%
The deepest peak-to-trough fall in the measured window. Only hold a position you can watch do this.
Beta (vs the market)DAMPENS
0.77
Moves about 0.8× the market over the past year.
3-year beta 0.82
Annualized volatilityORDINARY
22%
How far it swings over a year, from its own realized returns.
Tactical phaseNIGHTLY READ
Neutral
Selling pressure4
Buying pressure42
Overheat12
State: neutral — No dominant short-horizon pressure in the tape.
0-100 · high = active · lit = the engine's own phase, cohort-banded
What votes against
Data unavailableNo factor in the model currently votes against this name. That is a statement about the model's inputs today, not a claim that nothing could go wrong.
Failure modes · by company type
Data unavailableFailure modes are routed per company type, and only the bank-run and crypto-treasury rulebooks are validated so far. This name routes as bank, so there is no cohort-specific checklist to run. A generic list would read as analysis without being any.
The risk case · why not to buy8 surfaces · nightly
Suggested position capmax defensible size
4.6%tail cap binds
max defensible size 4.6% - tail binds
LowDistress screenThe distress model did not score this name in the latest run, so this surface is unmeasured rather than clear.Not scored
MedPosition size, not conviction, is the binding constrainthalf-Kelly 115.7% · tail cap 4.6% · category cap 90.1%. The tail cap binds, so 4.6% is the number (n=36,784). We show which one binds rather than the friendliest.Sizing
LowLottery-ticket behaviourNot scored for this name.Not scored
LowCash runwayNon-burner: catastrophe rate 6.1% (n=297414).Solvency
LowPost-earnings driftNo measured earnings reaction on file, so the drift surface is unmeasured.Not scored
LowDividend riskNot scored for this name.Not scored
LowRestatement historyFiling history is not deep enough to check for restatements.Not scored
LowCrowded shortNot in a warn state: the crowded-short model only publishes when short interest and thin liquidity coincide, and neither condition is met here.Not scored
Signal
2 of 8 surfaces clear.

8 surfaces checked, 2 clear. The binding constraint is position size — the tail cap is the one that binds. Each row states which surface it is and what it measured; a surface that could not be scored says so rather than counting as clear.

Who should skip it
Data unavailableNone of the skip conditions can be evaluated for this name yet — they each need a measured drawdown, beta, yield or scheduled report to key off.
Our track record9 resolved
Track recordBUILDING IN THE OPEN
14 logged
14 calls logged on this name, 9 resolved so far. Calls are logged the moment they are made, so the open ones are public before anyone knows how they turn out, and a hit-rate is not published until enough of them resolve.
9 resolved · 5 open
Calls on BKTHIS NAME
14
This name's own call count. Too few have resolved to publish a rate over them, so none is shown rather than a rate over 9.
0610-K disclosed linksDIVERSIFIED BANKS

The wider context

5 mapped peers, 18 connections.

↳ Plain EnglishCompanies do not trade alone. This is the peer set, the supply chain that has to deliver, and the macro variables that move the stock regardless of company news.
Rate sensitivity
+1.8% per +1ppSECTOR
This is the SECTOR prior, not a measurement of this name — the regression did not clear its own bar. The verdict beside it (tailwind) comes from the prior too, so the two agree by construction rather than by evidence.
Versus peersLatest session
Peer set · 5 names
SymbolRelationshipPriceSession
JPMPeer$349.67+0.10%
BACPeer$57.73-0.77%
HSBCPeer$101.83-0.98%
HBCYFPeer$20.25+1.25%
RYPeer$203.30-0.13%
The mapped peer set and how each traded in the latest session. A peer moving with this name says the move is the sector's; one moving against it says the move is this company's.
Time machineHistory from 2023-06-01
Signal
Every backward window is positive.

That is the definition of a stock that has already worked, and it says nothing about the next window. What it does tell you is what a drawdown would be measured against.

Historical retrospective. Context, not a forecast.
Macro driversRolling window
Inflation (CPI) reactionn=36
1.39×
On these days it moves about 1.4× the market, regardless of company news.
Measured over 36 events
Jobs report reactionn=37
0.81×
On these days it moves about 0.8× the market, regardless of company news.
Measured over 37 events
Fed decision (FOMC) reactionn=37
0.86×
On these days it moves about 0.9× the market, regardless of company news.
Measured over 37 events
Inflation (PCE) reactionn=37
0.88×
On these days it moves about 0.9× the market, regardless of company news.
Measured over 37 events
Next macro catalystIN 7 DAYS
Consumer Sentiment
2026-09-25. A scheduled release that moves this stock independently of anything the company does.
Events · what moves this stockSep 18, 2026
Initial jobless claimsUsually hurts when more people file for benefits than expected
More missed loan payments and less borrowing; lower rates also thin banks' margins.
Typical for the Financial Services sector
report daytrading days before and after the report
On the day +0.2% · A week later +1.1% · Two weeks later +1.8% · Rose on 104 of 158 report days
Across the last 158 Initial jobless claims reports since Jun 8, 2023, BK moved +0.2% on average on the day and was 1.8% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved 0.0% on those days.
Industrial productionUsually helps when factory output comes in stronger than expected
Businesses borrow more when they are growing.
Typical for the Financial Services sector
report daytrading days before and after the report
On the day +0.4% · A week later +1.0% · Two weeks later +2.0% · Rose on 24 of 37 report days
Across the last 37 Industrial production reports since Jun 15, 2023, BK moved +0.4% on average on the day and was 2.0% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved +0.2% on those days.
Retail salesUsually helps when shoppers spend more than expected
More card swipes and consumer borrowing when spending is strong.
Typical for the Financial Services sector
report daytrading days before and after the report
On the day +0.4% · A week later +1.0% · Two weeks later +2.0% · Rose on 24 of 37 report days
Across the last 37 Retail sales reports since Jun 15, 2023, BK moved +0.4% on average on the day and was 2.0% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved +0.2% on those days.
Consumer sentiment (UMich) is due in 7 days.
Consumer sentiment (UMich)Usually helps when consumers feel better than expected
Confident consumers borrow more.
Typical for the Financial Services sector
report daytrading days before and after the report
On the day +0.3% · A week later +0.8% · Two weeks later +1.7% · Rose on 23 of 36 report days
Across the last 36 Consumer sentiment (UMich) reports since Jun 26, 2023, BK moved +0.3% on average on the day and was 1.7% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved +0.1% on those days.
FOMC decisionUsually helps when the Fed sounds more hawkish than expected
Big banks earn more on loans as rates rise.
Typical for the Diversified Banks industry
report daytrading days before and after the report
On the day 0.0% · A week later +0.6% · Two weeks later +2.1% · Rose on 15 of 36 report days
Across the last 36 FOMC decision reports since Jul 1, 2023, BK moved 0.0% on average on the day and was 2.1% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved -0.1% on those days.
Housing startsUsually helps when more homes are started than expected
More mortgages get written.
Typical for the Financial Services sector
report daytrading days before and after the report
On the day -0.1% · A week later +0.7% · Two weeks later +0.9% · Rose on 17 of 36 report days
Across the last 36 Housing starts reports since Jun 20, 2023, BK moved -0.1% on average on the day and was 0.9% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved 0.0% on those days.
Job openings (JOLTS) is due in 11 days.
Job openings (JOLTS)Usually helps when job openings come in higher than expected
Employed people repay loans and borrow more; banks benefit.
Typical for the Financial Services sector
report daytrading days before and after the report
On the day +0.3% · A week later +1.6% · Two weeks later +2.6% · Rose on 22 of 36 report days
Across the last 36 Job openings (JOLTS) reports since Jul 5, 2023, BK moved +0.3% on average on the day and was 2.6% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved 0.0% on those days.
Jobs report (nonfarm payrolls) is due in 14 days.
Jobs report (nonfarm payrolls)Usually helps when hiring comes in stronger than expected
Employed people repay loans and borrow more; banks benefit.
Typical for the Financial Services sector
report daytrading days before and after the report
On the day +0.1% · A week later +1.5% · Two weeks later +2.6% · Rose on 19 of 36 report days
Across the last 36 Jobs report (nonfarm payrolls) reports since Jul 6, 2023, BK moved +0.1% on average on the day and was 2.6% higher two weeks later. The S&P 500 moved -0.1% on those days.
Customer momentum
Data unavailableCustomer momentum needs listed customers that disclose a revenue dependence on this company, and none is on file. The connections below are a different map: competitors and partners, most of them curated rather than filed.
Connections18 links · none confirmed
Direct connections · 18 edges
CompanyRelationSessionProvenance
CRCL · Partnerpartner+7.86%Rumored · manual
ADAMZ · Suppliersuppliernot pricedRumored · manual
CSWC · Suppliersupplier-2.46%Rumored · manual
AOMR · Suppliersupplier-2.11%Rumored · manual
APC · Suppliersupplier+1.24%Rumored · manual
AVK · Suppliersupplier0.00%Rumored · manual
BWG · Suppliersupplier-0.68%Rumored · manual
BBDC · Suppliersupplier-2.24%Rumored · manual
BCIC · Suppliersupplier-0.57%Rumored · manual
BGH · Suppliersupplier-0.43%Rumored · manual
BPYPN · Suppliersuppliernot pricedRumored · manual
BPYPO · Suppliersuppliernot pricedRumored · manual
BRIA · Suppliersupplier+0.72%Rumored · manual
BRW · Suppliersupplier-1.12%Rumored · manual
BANX · Suppliersupplier+0.14%Rumored · manual
CCIF · Suppliersuppliernot pricedRumored · manual
CHCT · Suppliersupplier-1.73%Rumored · manual
CHMI · Suppliersupplier-1.40%Rumored · manual
0 of 18 edges are named in a filing; the rest come from reporting we have not matched to one yet, and are labelled as such.
Suppliers, customers & competitors
Who depends on it
CRCLPartnerpartner
What it depends on
ADAMZSuppliersupplier
CSWCSuppliersupplier
AOMRSuppliersupplier
APCSuppliersupplier
AVKSuppliersupplier
BWGSuppliersupplier
BBDCSuppliersupplier
BCICSuppliersupplier
BGHSuppliersupplier
BPYPNSuppliersupplier
BPYPOSuppliersupplier
BRIASuppliersupplier
BRWSuppliersupplier
BANXSuppliersupplier
CCIFSuppliersupplier
CHCTSuppliersupplier
CHMISuppliersupplier
Glossary · every term on this page
Survival
Altman Z

Bankruptcy-risk score. Above 3.0 is the safe band.

Piotroski F

Nine pass/fail health tests; 7 or more is strong.

Beneish M

Accrual and growth pattern screen. Clear below −2.22, watch to −1.78, elevated above; a year of very fast revenue growth lifts it by construction.

Merton DTD

Standard deviations of asset value between the company and its debt.

EDF

Default frequency calibrated on what actually happened to similar names.

Price & tape
RSI-14

Momentum gauge 0–100. Above 70 is overbought, below 30 oversold.

ATR

Average true range — the size of a typical day.

VWAP

20-day volume-weighted average price — the average paid over the last month; the page shows no intraday VWAP.

Supertrend

A trend-following stop line. A close through it flips the read.

Chandelier

A trailing stop set a few average ranges below the recent high.

Options & flow
Gamma / GEX

Dealer hedging pressure. Negative gamma amplifies moves both ways.

Call / put wall

The strikes with the heaviest open interest; they act as ceiling and floor.

Max pain

The strike where most options expire worthless.

13F · Form 4

Institutional filings, 45 days after quarter end. Insider trades, within two days.

Scoring
Composite signal

Independent factors scored and netted into one number.

Hit-rate

Share of past calls that resolved in the direction stated.

Brier score

Calibration measure. Lower means stated probabilities track reality.

HHI

Concentration 0–10,000. Above 2,500 means one segment carries the company.

EVT

Fits the tail rather than assuming a bell curve, so bad days are not understated.

Deep dive